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Methotrexate Increases Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Improves Metabolic Control in Experimental Diabetes
rimanendo con i piedi per terra
Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilization.
Op 't Eijnde B, Ursø B, Richter EA, Greenhaff PL, Hespel P.
Source
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics Laboratory, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle GLUT4 protein content and total creatine and glycogen content during muscle disuse and subsequent training. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed with 22 young healthy volunteers. The right leg of each subject was immobilized using a cast for 2 weeks, after which subjects participated in a 10-week heavy resistance training program involving the knee-extensor muscles (three sessions per week). Half of the subjects received creatine monohydrate supplements (20 g daily during the immobilization period and 15 and 5 g daily during the first 3 and the last 7 weeks of rehabilitation training, respectively), whereas the other 11 subjects ingested placebo (maltodextrine). Muscle GLUT4 protein content and glycogen and total creatine concentrations were assayed in needle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after immobilization and after 3 and 10 weeks of training. Immobilization decreased GLUT4 in the placebo group (-20%, P < 0.05), but not in the creatine group (+9% NS). Glycogen and total creatine were unchanged in both groups during the immobilization period. In the placebo group, during training, GLUT4 was normalized, and glycogen and total creatine were stable. Conversely, in the creatine group, GLUT4 increased by approximately 40% (P < 0.05) during rehabilitation. Muscle glycogen and total creatine levels were higher in the creatine group after 3 weeks of rehabilitation (P < 0.05), but not after 10 weeks of rehabilitation. We concluded that 1) oral creatine supplementation offsets the decline in muscle GLUT4 protein content that occurs during immobilization, and 2) oral creatine supplementation increases GLUT4 protein content during subsequent rehabilitation training in healthy subjects.
PMID: 11147785 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
relativamente al cromo
Chromium (D-phenylalanine)3Supplementation Alters Glucose Disposal, Insulin Signaling, and Glucose Transporter-4 Membrane Translocation in Insulin-Resistant Mice1–3
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Abstract
Chromium has gained popularity as a nutritional supplement for diabetic and insulin-resistant subjects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of a novel chromium complex of D-phenylalanine [Cr(D-phe)3] in insulin-resistant, sucrose-fed mice. Whole-body insulin resistance was generated in FVB mice by 9 wk of sucrose feeding, following which they were randomly assigned to be unsupplemented (S group) or to receive oral Cr(D-phe)3in drinking water (SCr group) at a dose of 45 μg·kg−1·d−1 (∼3.8 μg of elemental chromium·kg−1·d−1). A control group (C) did not consume sucrose and was not supplemented. Sucrose-fed mice had an elevated serum insulin concentration compared with controls and this was significantly lower in sucrose-fed mice that received Cr(D-phe)3, which did not differ from controls. Impaired glucose tolerance in sucrose-fed mice, evidenced by the poor glucose disposal rate following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, was significantly improved in mice receiving Cr(D-phe)3. Chromium supplementation significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and membrane-associated glucose transporter-4 in skeletal muscles of sucrose-fed mice. In cultured adipocytes rendered insulin resistant by chronic exposure to high concentrations of glucose and insulin, Cr(D-phe)3 augmented Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with Cr(D-phe)3 may have potential beneficial effects in insulin-resistant, prediabetic conditions.
relativamente a quest'ultimo studio ho evidenziato quanto detto sinora, ossia che questi prodotti di solito stimolano l'uptake tanto a livello muscolare quanto a livello adiposo, tuttavia nello studio si parla di adipociti resi INSULINO-RESISTENTI, condizione lontana da quella di chi di solito potrebbe usare questi prodotti nell'ambito di una programmazione integrativa ad hoc e di uno stile di vita che difficilmente porta a tale stato pre-patologico... quindi non mi sembrerebbe male come supp... a voi la parola
Methotrexate Increases Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Improves Metabolic Control in Experimental Diabetes
rimanendo con i piedi per terra
Effect of oral creatine supplementation on human muscle GLUT4 protein content after immobilization.
Op 't Eijnde B, Ursø B, Richter EA, Greenhaff PL, Hespel P.
Source
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics Laboratory, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral creatine supplementation on muscle GLUT4 protein content and total creatine and glycogen content during muscle disuse and subsequent training. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed with 22 young healthy volunteers. The right leg of each subject was immobilized using a cast for 2 weeks, after which subjects participated in a 10-week heavy resistance training program involving the knee-extensor muscles (three sessions per week). Half of the subjects received creatine monohydrate supplements (20 g daily during the immobilization period and 15 and 5 g daily during the first 3 and the last 7 weeks of rehabilitation training, respectively), whereas the other 11 subjects ingested placebo (maltodextrine). Muscle GLUT4 protein content and glycogen and total creatine concentrations were assayed in needle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after immobilization and after 3 and 10 weeks of training. Immobilization decreased GLUT4 in the placebo group (-20%, P < 0.05), but not in the creatine group (+9% NS). Glycogen and total creatine were unchanged in both groups during the immobilization period. In the placebo group, during training, GLUT4 was normalized, and glycogen and total creatine were stable. Conversely, in the creatine group, GLUT4 increased by approximately 40% (P < 0.05) during rehabilitation. Muscle glycogen and total creatine levels were higher in the creatine group after 3 weeks of rehabilitation (P < 0.05), but not after 10 weeks of rehabilitation. We concluded that 1) oral creatine supplementation offsets the decline in muscle GLUT4 protein content that occurs during immobilization, and 2) oral creatine supplementation increases GLUT4 protein content during subsequent rehabilitation training in healthy subjects.
PMID: 11147785 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
relativamente al cromo
Chromium (D-phenylalanine)3Supplementation Alters Glucose Disposal, Insulin Signaling, and Glucose Transporter-4 Membrane Translocation in Insulin-Resistant Mice1–3
- [*=left]Feng Dong4,
[*=left]Machender Reddy Kandadi4,5,
[*=left]Jun Ren, and
[*=left]Nair Sreejayan*
Next Section
Abstract
Chromium has gained popularity as a nutritional supplement for diabetic and insulin-resistant subjects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of a novel chromium complex of D-phenylalanine [Cr(D-phe)3] in insulin-resistant, sucrose-fed mice. Whole-body insulin resistance was generated in FVB mice by 9 wk of sucrose feeding, following which they were randomly assigned to be unsupplemented (S group) or to receive oral Cr(D-phe)3in drinking water (SCr group) at a dose of 45 μg·kg−1·d−1 (∼3.8 μg of elemental chromium·kg−1·d−1). A control group (C) did not consume sucrose and was not supplemented. Sucrose-fed mice had an elevated serum insulin concentration compared with controls and this was significantly lower in sucrose-fed mice that received Cr(D-phe)3, which did not differ from controls. Impaired glucose tolerance in sucrose-fed mice, evidenced by the poor glucose disposal rate following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, was significantly improved in mice receiving Cr(D-phe)3. Chromium supplementation significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and membrane-associated glucose transporter-4 in skeletal muscles of sucrose-fed mice. In cultured adipocytes rendered insulin resistant by chronic exposure to high concentrations of glucose and insulin, Cr(D-phe)3 augmented Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with Cr(D-phe)3 may have potential beneficial effects in insulin-resistant, prediabetic conditions.
relativamente a quest'ultimo studio ho evidenziato quanto detto sinora, ossia che questi prodotti di solito stimolano l'uptake tanto a livello muscolare quanto a livello adiposo, tuttavia nello studio si parla di adipociti resi INSULINO-RESISTENTI, condizione lontana da quella di chi di solito potrebbe usare questi prodotti nell'ambito di una programmazione integrativa ad hoc e di uno stile di vita che difficilmente porta a tale stato pre-patologico... quindi non mi sembrerebbe male come supp... a voi la parola
Il secondo sembra promettere....il Cr è sempre stato indicato come insulino-mimetico ma con alterne fortune....però anche qui oltre ad essere sugli amici roditori, sono insulino-resistenti, è da notare come i topi sviluppino il diabete molto più difficilmente grazie ala prsenze cospicua di grasso bruno, quindi magari valido come possibile coadiuvante di patologie...ma per noi....
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